When my kids were babies, I remember being obsessiveabout ensuring everyoneโincluding their dadโhadproperly washed or sanitized their hands before handling my precious little bundles. Some of my friends were evenmore protective.
But as my boys grew older, and began eating things like dirt and boogersโand attending daycare where there was rarely a child without a runny noseโI began to wonder if I needed to be so stringent. According to Dr. Dina Kulik, a pediatrician and emergency medicine doctor who works at Kindercare Paediatrics and SickKids hospital in Toronto,babies can benefit from germs.
โRegular germs are actually good for babies,โ she says.โChildren who are kept in too sterile an environment actually have higher risks of asthma and allergies than kids exposedto a โnon sterileโ environment. Exposure to bacteria and viruses allow our immune system to grow, so we can better protect ourselves from harmful organisms.โ
She also points out that excessive hand washing and sanitizing depletes the natural healthy and good bacteria from your skin. โThese good bacteria help keep the bad bacterial levels at low levels. If you kill off too much good bacteria, bad bacteria have a chance to overpopulate,โ says Dr. Kulik.
But hand washing isnโt the only way that babies are exposed to good germs. According to a recent pediatric study, bacteria can also be transferred to infants via pacifiers. The study found that children whose parents โcleanedโ their pacifier by sucking it were less likely to have asthma, eczema and sensitization at 18 months of age than children whose parents did not lick their childโs pacifier clean. In this case, the study concluded that parental sucking of their infantโs pacifier may reduce these effects, possibly by transferring microbes to their infant by saliva, enabling them to build immunity.
Some caution, however, is warranted. Premature babies and young newborns have very immature immune systems. They havenโt yet been exposed to many bacteria or viruses and are more at risk of bad infections. โFor these populations, I would be more cautious about exposure to pets and sick contacts. However, over time itโs important to gradually expose infants to people and pets. This will help build their immune system,โ she says.
As they get older, children will naturally be exposed tomore germs. โYoung children have an average of 13 viral illnesses per year, so a persistent runny nose is normal in a young child,โ says Dr. Kulik. โAs a result, young children are surrounded by viral infections from their peers all the time. This is very hard to avoid.โ
Over time, as their immune system recognizes these viruses, it can fight against them more easily. โThatโs why adults often get fewer infections per year than a two-year-old.โ
Dr. Kulik suggests keeping the following tips in mind:
- Donโt purposely expose kids to viral infections, but donโt overprotect them from viral exposures, either.
- Vaccines prevent against many serious infections. This is the best defense against significant illnesses that can cause death.
- As always, if your child is unwell, he/she should be seen by their healthcare provider.
- Ask your physician for more tips for building a strong immune system.
Originally published in ParentsCanada magazine, August/September 2013.
